Confounding factors and seasonal depression

Brain death: assessment, controversy, and confounding factors.

When brain injury is refractory to aggressive management and is considered nonsurvivable, with loss of consciousness and brain stem reflexes, a brain death protocol may be initiated to determine death according to neurological criteria. Clinical evaluation typically entails 2 consecutive formal neurological examinations to document total loss of consciousness and absence of brain stem reflexes ...

Confounding Factors for Hamilton’s Rule

WWC STANDARDS Brief: Confounding Factors

WWC STANDARDS Brief The What Works Clearinghouse (WWC) is an initiative of the U.S. Department of Education’s Institute of Education Sciences. The WWC evaluates research studies that look at the effectiveness of education programs, policies, and practices, which the WWC calls “interventions.” WWC Standards Briefs explain the rules the WWC uses to assess the quality of studies. For more informat...

Correcting for challenging confounding factors

U ni ve rs ity o f C al ifo rn ia , S an D ie go , C A . Hepatic steatosis, the intracellular accumulation of triglycerides (triglyceride fat) in hepatocytes, is a common and often asymptomatic condition. An estimated 20 to 80 million Americans have nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFld), which is the most common chronic liver disease in the united States.1 Steatosis is now recognized to play...

Connectionist Dissociations, Confounding Factors and Modularity

Although much has been written on this subject, there still seems to be considerable confusion in the literature concerning dissociations, double dissociations and what they really mean, especially when connectionist or neural network models are involved. In this paper I attempt to clarify matters by looking at the subject from the point of view of patterns of learning rates in neural network m...